"Labour Force Survey 2005
Employment rate in the EU25 was 63.8% in 2005
One in seven employees had a temporary job
In 2005, 197.5 million people aged 15 years or more had a job or a business activity in the EU25. The total employment rate1 for people aged 15-64 was 63.8%, compared to 62.4% in 2000, and 63.3% in 2004. The employment rate for women in 2005 was 56.3%, compared to 53.6% in 2000, while the rate for older people, i.e. those aged 55-64, reached 42.5%, up from the 36.6% registered in 2000.
This information comes from a report4 published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, based on the results of the 2005 Labour Force Survey.
Employment rate in the EU25 was 63.8% in 2005
One in seven employees had a temporary job
In 2005, 197.5 million people aged 15 years or more had a job or a business activity in the EU25. The total employment rate1 for people aged 15-64 was 63.8%, compared to 62.4% in 2000, and 63.3% in 2004. The employment rate for women in 2005 was 56.3%, compared to 53.6% in 2000, while the rate for older people, i.e. those aged 55-64, reached 42.5%, up from the 36.6% registered in 2000.
This information comes from a report4 published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, based on the results of the 2005 Labour Force Survey.
Employment rates of people aged 15-64 range from 52.8% in Poland to 75.9% in Denmark
In 2005, the employment rate for persons aged 15-64 was above 70% in Denmark (75.9%), the Netherlands (73.2%), Sweden (72.5%) and the United Kingdom (71.7%), and below 60% in Poland (52.8%), Malta (53.9%), Hungary (56.9%), Italy (57.6%) and Slovakia (57.7%).
Denmark (71.9%), Sweden (70.4%), Finland (66.5%), the Netherlands (66.4%) and the United Kingdom (65.9%) registered the highest rates of female employment in 2005, while Malta (33.7%), Italy (45.3%), Greece (46.1%) and Poland (46.8%) had the lowest. Malta recorded the greatest difference between male and female employment rates, with a gap of 40 percentage points, followed by Greece (28 pp), Italy (25 pp) and Spain (24 pp). On the other hand, Finland and Sweden (both 4 pp), and Estonia (5 pp) recorded the lowest differences.
Large variation between countries in percentage of temporary jobs
On average in the EU25, 14.5% of employees aged 15 or more had a temporary job5 in 2005, up from 13.7% in 2004. The percentage of employees with temporary jobs varied widely across Member States, from 2.7% in Estonia, 3.7% in Ireland and 4.5% in Malta, to 33.3% in Spain, 25.7% in Poland and 19.5% in Portugal.
The percentage of women employed in temporary jobs in the EU25 was 15.0%, compared to 14.0% for men. In 17 of the 25 EU Member States, the share of women with temporary jobs was larger than that of men, with the largest differences being observed in Cyprus (19.5% for women compared to 9.0% for men), Finland (20.0% compared to 12.9%) and Belgium (11.4% compared to 6.8%).
Close to one in five of the unemployed looking for their first job
Among the unemployed in the EU25 in 2005, 18.3% had never had a job, ranging from 8.9% in Finland and 9.2% in Germany to 37.3% in Greece and 33.6% in Italy.
As far as long-term unemployment is concerned, 4.1% of the active population in the EU25 had been without work for at least a year. This percentage varied from 1.0% in the United Kingdom and 1.1% in Denmark to 11.7% in Slovakia and 10.2% in Poland.
[...]
Two thirds of the workforce employed in services
Two thirds of jobs in the EU25 in 2005 were in services6, and in no country was it less than 50%. Services accounted for 56.3% of jobs for men and 81.9% for women. In Luxembourg (81.0%), the United Kingdom (76.5%), the Netherlands (76.1%) and Sweden (75.8%) more than three quarters of workers were engaged in the services sector.
Industry provided jobs for 27.5% of the employed in the EU25 in 2005, accounting for 38.0% of jobs for men, compared to 14.2% for women. The Czech Republic had the highest proportion of jobs in industry (39.5%), followed by Slovakia (38.8%) and Slovenia (37.1%).On average in the EU25, agriculture was the main activity of 4.9% of workers, and accounted for over 10% of employment in Poland (17.4%), Lithuania (14.0%), Greece (12.4%), Latvia and Portugal (both 11.8%)."
Two thirds of jobs in the EU25 in 2005 were in services6, and in no country was it less than 50%. Services accounted for 56.3% of jobs for men and 81.9% for women. In Luxembourg (81.0%), the United Kingdom (76.5%), the Netherlands (76.1%) and Sweden (75.8%) more than three quarters of workers were engaged in the services sector.
Industry provided jobs for 27.5% of the employed in the EU25 in 2005, accounting for 38.0% of jobs for men, compared to 14.2% for women. The Czech Republic had the highest proportion of jobs in industry (39.5%), followed by Slovakia (38.8%) and Slovenia (37.1%).On average in the EU25, agriculture was the main activity of 4.9% of workers, and accounted for over 10% of employment in Poland (17.4%), Lithuania (14.0%), Greece (12.4%), Latvia and Portugal (both 11.8%)."
Eurostat news release, 118/2006 - 11 September 2006;
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
(extractos do doc. identificado, difundido via internet)
3 comentários:
A questão do desemprego tem sido um tema de constante debate em Portugal. Não é raro o dia em que surgem notícias acerca de empresas que fecham e de pessoas que vão, inevitavelmente, para o desemprego. Daí a importância de reflectir um pouco mais sobre esta questão.
Se analisarmos a evolução da taxa de desemprego apresentada pela Eurostat verificamos que, em Portugal, ela apresentava um valor de 4% no ano de 2000 tendo, em 2005, um valor de 7.6 %. Este crescimento na taxa de desemprego pode parecer preocupante, no entanto, se compararmos com a média da UE-25 (8.8%) ou até mesmo da UE-15 (7.9%) constatamos que se trata de um valor abaixo da referida média, contrastando claramente com os valores apresentado quer para a vizinha Espanha (9.2%), quer para a Alemanha (9.5%).
Da análise de informações mais recentes, disponibilizadas pelo INE, podemos verificar que a taxa de desemprego global ronda os 7.3% no 2º trimestre de 2006, apresentando um valor ligeiramente mais elevado ao do mesmo período no ano anterior (7.2%).
Ou seja, ao contrário do que o senso comum nos faz crer, Portugal não está numa situação muito grave, quando comparado com o padrão da UE (pelo menos neste aspecto!). No entanto, para compreendermos este fenómeno não nos podemos limitar à análise destes dados. Embora estes valores nos pareçam animadores não nos devemos esquecer que o desemprego é uma realidade que afecta centenas de indivíduos e que tem consequências não só no plano económico e social, mas também na esfera pessoal de cada indivíduo. Assim, é essencial que se procurem soluções concretas que visem ultrapassar esta situação, até porque a sua existência acarreta custos não só para a sociedade (nomeadamente sobre a segurança social), mas também para os indivíduos. O desemprego não é, portanto, um fenómeno isolado que pode ser tratado como algo à parte dos outros fenómenos sociais e económicos. Muito pelo contrário! Como tal a procura de soluções deve passar pela criação de propostas integradas que visem uma maior participação não só do Estado mas também de todos os agentes económicos.
Caro Pedro Silva,
O conformismo nunca é solução em matéria económica. Estou inteiramente de acordo.
Desse ponto de vista, a atitude dos agentes políticos e da comunicação social são instrumentais. Se o discurso for de desastre iminente, como se pode esperar que os agentes económicos e as populações, em geral, acreditem que o pais tem futuro e lutem por esse devir?
Claro está que o discurso político tem que ser secundado por acções consequentes.
J. Cadima Ribeiro
Cara Vânia Silva,
Da sua mensagem, com que de uma geral concordo (outro tanto se passa com a da Sara Veloso), sublino algo em que eu também tenho insistido: a ideia de parceria para o desenvolvimento - parceria entre público e privado; parceria de agentes de desenvolvimento, que o queiram ser.
Entretanto, infelizmente, é uma prática ainda esparsa essa, na economia e na sociedade portuguesa. O estado, por exemplo, ainda não percebeu a importância de lhe dar expressão substantiva.
J. Cadima Ribeiro
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